Probiotics and Postbiotics as an Alternative to Antibiotics: An Emphasis on Pigs

Probiotics are being used as feed/food supplements an alternative to antibiotics. It has been demonstrated that probiotics provide several health benefits, including preventing diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, and immunomodulation. Alongside probiotic bacteria-fermented foods, the different structural components, such lipoteichoic acids, teichoic peptidoglycans, surface-layer proteins, offer advantages. can produce antimicrobial enzymes, peptides, vitamins, exopolysaccharides. Besides live probiotics, there growing interest in consuming inactivated farm animals, pigs. Several reports have shown killed boost immunity, modulate intestinal microbiota, improve feed efficiency growth performance, decrease incidence of positioning them interesting strategy a potential supplement for Therefore, effective selection approach use might essential features using important functional This review aimed systematically investigate effects lactic acid bacteria their forms on